Community participants were interviewed
in their homes. The main purpose was to administer the Modified
Mini-Mental State exam (3MS) cognitive screening test to identify
those who appeared to have cognitive impairments that would
merit fuller clinical examination. The 3MS extends the content
of the MMSE, using a 0 to 100 response scale in place of the
0 to 30 of the MMSE. Our validity analyses of the CSHA-1 data
showed the 3MS to be superior to the MMSE. The community interview
also collected social and demographic information, and assessed
disability and healthy aging.
Content of the community interviews
at each phase of the study (Source references are shown at
end of table):
|
Themes
|
Topics
|
Examples of Data Collected
|
CSHA 1
|
CSHA 2
|
CSHA 3
|
|
Identification
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Demographics
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Age
|
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Sex
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Language
|
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Ethnicity
|
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Education
|
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Occupational
|
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History
|
|
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Living Situation
|
Social Support
|
Marital status
|
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Who lives with?
|
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Number of children
|
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Number of helpers
|
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Distance to help
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People to give support or advice?
|
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Adequacy of support
|
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Home
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Owned or rentedQuality of environment
|
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Income
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Income meets needs?
Security of income
|
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Health Assessment
|
Sensory
|
Eyesight, Hearing
|
|
|
|
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Functional Ability and Frailty
|
7 ADL and 7 IADL
|
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Use of assistive devices
|
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Timed Up and Go test (2)
|
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Pain
|
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Cognitive screen
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3MS (3)
|
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Self-Rating of Health
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Summary scale
|
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Recent symptoms
|
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Chronic problems
|
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Psychological well-being (4)
|
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General health questions (5)
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Healthy Aging
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Psychological adjustment (6)
|
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Hobbies & social activities
|
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Life satisfaction (7,8)
|
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Overall rating
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Medical History
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History of surgical operations
|
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(Women) Hormone therapy
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End-of-Life Care
|
Living will
Power of attorney
|
|
|
|
References:
(1) Fillenbaum, GG, Smyer, MA. (1981). The development, validity,
and reliability of the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment
Questionnaire. Journal of Gerontology, 36, 428-434.
(2) Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. (1991).
The Timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional
mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 39, 142-148.
(3) Teng EL, Chui HC. (1987). The
Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Examination. Journal of Clinical
Psychiatry, 48, 314-318.
(4) Berwick DM., et al. (1991).
Performance of a five-item mental health screening test. Medical
Care, 29, 169-176.
(5) Ounpuu S, et al. (2000). Using
the U.S. Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System’s health
related quality of life survey tool in a Canadian city. Canadian
Journal of Public Health 91, 67-72.
(6) Ryff CD, Essex MJ. (1991). Psychological
well-being in adulthood and old age: descriptive markers and
explanatory processes. Annual Review of Gerontology &
Geriatrics, 11, 144-171.
(7) Andrews FM., Crandall R. (1976).
The validity of measures of self-reported well-being. Social
Indicators Research, 3, 1-19.
(8) Stones MJ, et al. (1996). Short
Happiness and Affect Research Protocol (SHARP). Social Indicators
Research 37, 75-91.
Click
here to download the Community Questionaire (PDF format 150KB)
|
